I'm not sure if you are specifically looking for light weight materials, but I used hydraulic cement to make a stone back wall for my tank and it worked great even though the slab was heavy. I just let it dry for a couple of days. It didn't need weeks to be ready or cured.
+1, you can also use water weld from lowes or hd. A tube is $5, kind of a pain if you need it set right now. It usually needs supports for a period of time (overnight) for the heavier pieces.
I used the black pond foam from home depot...works GREAT. Used it to make a little caldera for goby/shrimp-diggin' substrate. BUT...wear something you dont want to keep when working with it--and keep many disposable towels handy. And test shoot a little pile of rocks together with it before you start...the stuff really expands....I mean REALLY.
There's my 30 sec brain dump on foam...hope it helps.
Ive used that stuff just not to long ago for my koi pond and I did learn the hard way that you need to wear gloves. I just went ahead and drilled holes in my rock and used fiberglass rods to hold the rocks together. Thought I had some extra left from my pond build and wanted to use it but the tube harden over and I ended up not using that stuff.